The criminal suit alleges systematic persecution of Khashoggi - who was murdered at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul in 2018- and dozens of other journalists.
Saudi Arabia's King Salman said that the "spirit of cooperation" was needed now "more than ever to face the impact of the pandemic.
Saudi Arabia has not hosted US forces since 2003 when they withdrew following the end of the war with Iraq.
A cheering crowd danced to the thumping music at Jeddah World Fest, hosted in the Red Sea city of western Saudi Arabia.
Despite the international uproar over the murder, Trump has maintained friendly ties with the crown prince, and showered him with praise during the meeting on Saturday.
The OPEC cartel and its oil-producer nation allies opted in December to trim daily crude output by 1.2 million barrels.
The young royal has faced international pressure after US-based writer was killed and dismembered in the kingdom's consulate in Istanbul last year.
Independent rights expert said Antonio Guterres should launch an international criminal investigation into the killing of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi last October.
Turkish officials were the first to report the murder and have continued to press Saudi Arabia for information on the whereabouts of his dismembered body, which has yet to be found.
Huthi-run Al-Masirah TV reported earlier that the Iran-aligned rebels had carried out drone attacks on Abha Airport.
The civilian groups have rejected fresh calls from the Transitional Military Council for talks, saying the army could not be trusted.
The kingdom's public prosecutor last November indicted 11 unnamed suspects, including five who could face the death penalty over the murder.
The resolution was a harsh bipartisan rebuke to Trump that took the historic step of curtailing a president's war-making powers - a step he condemned in a statement announcing his veto.
Sudan plays a key role in the regional interests of Saudi Arabia and its allies, siding with Riyadh against Shiite Iran and providing troops in the Saudi-led coalition fighting in the Yemen war.
The public prosecution concluded its investigation and has now prepared the indictment list against the defendants to refer the case to the relevant court.
The list now includes 23 jurisdictions, up from 16. The commission said it added jurisdictions with “strategic deficiencies in their anti-money laundering and countering terrorist financing regimes”.
US intelligence agencies believe Crown Prince Mohammed ordered an operation to kill Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi.
Agnes Callamard, the UN special rapporteur on extra-judicial, summary or arbitrary executions, carried out an inspection outside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul.
